Everthing recovered.
To the best of my knowledge, everything was recovered. The last drive was missing one file and some metadata, but I was able to replace that rather easily. Last night, I swapped out the drive with a bad block and completed my first parity rebuild. It all went very smoothly and was over in less than 4 hours for the entire 500GB drive (and it was full).
This whole ordeal made me think, despite how great I still think unRAID is, that it really is NOT a true means of data protection. I still need a way to reliably back up the things I really need. So today, I went on eBay and found a used Dell PowerVault 100T DAT72 tape drive. They’re not the best in the world, but I got it for a super cheap $35 shipped, plus it comes with the cable. I already have an Adaptec 39160 Ultra160 SCSI card, so I’m all set. I’ll just toss this into one of my Win2k3 servers and get a good tape backup regime going.